Multimodality as universality: Designing inclusive accessibility to graphical information

نویسندگان

چکیده

Graphical representations are ubiquitous in the learning and teaching of science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM). However, these materials often not accessible to over 547,000 students United States with blindness significant visual impairment, creating barriers pursuing STEM educational career pathways. Furthermore, even when such made available visually impaired students, access is likely through literalized modes (e.g., braille, verbal description), which problematic as approaches (1) do directly convey spatial information (2) different from graphic-based used by without impairment. The purpose this study was design evaluate a universally system for communicating graphical classes. By combining multisensory vibro-audio interface an app running on consumer mobile hardware, meant work equally well all irrespective their status. We report experimental results experiment where we compared performance traditional (visual or tactile) diagrams sighted participants ( n = 20) 9) respectively. While multimodal diagrammatic (MDS) did result gains both groups participants, also revealed no statistically differences capacity across comparison groups. Likewise, there were between stimuli presented diagram control conditions, either participant group. These findings suggest that able learn presentation materials. This modality supported need conversion make them who required tactile provided additional interpret answer questions about diagrams. Findings interpreted terms new universal principles producing would be learners.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Education

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2504-284X']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1071759